diff --git a/jaxrs-api/src/main/java/jakarta/ws/rs/client/ClientBuilder.java b/jaxrs-api/src/main/java/jakarta/ws/rs/client/ClientBuilder.java
index a1c466f..d1d3a0b 100644
--- a/jaxrs-api/src/main/java/jakarta/ws/rs/client/ClientBuilder.java
+++ b/jaxrs-api/src/main/java/jakarta/ws/rs/client/ClientBuilder.java
@@ -1,5 +1,5 @@
 /*
- * Copyright (c) 2011, 2019 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
+ * Copyright (c) 2011 Oracle and/or its affiliates. All rights reserved.
  *
  * This program and the accompanying materials are made available under the
  * terms of the Eclipse Public License v. 2.0, which is available at
@@ -19,9 +19,7 @@
 import javax.net.ssl.HostnameVerifier;
 import javax.net.ssl.SSLContext;
 import java.net.URL;
-import java.security.AccessController;
 import java.security.KeyStore;
-import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
 import java.util.concurrent.ExecutorService;
 import java.util.concurrent.ScheduledExecutorService;
 import java.util.concurrent.TimeUnit;
@@ -61,14 +59,17 @@
         try {
             Object delegate = FactoryFinder.find(JAXRS_DEFAULT_CLIENT_BUILDER_PROPERTY, ClientBuilder.class);
             if (!(delegate instanceof ClientBuilder)) {
-                final CreateErrorMessageAction action = new CreateErrorMessageAction(delegate);
-                final String errorMessage;
-                if (System.getSecurityManager() == null) {
-                    errorMessage = action.run();
-                } else {
-                    errorMessage = AccessController.doPrivileged(action);
+                Class<?> pClass = ClientBuilder.class;
+                String classnameAsResource = pClass.getName().replace('.', '/') + ".class";
+                ClassLoader loader = pClass.getClassLoader();
+                if (loader == null) {
+                    loader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
                 }
-                throw new LinkageError(errorMessage);
+                URL targetTypeURL = loader.getResource(classnameAsResource);
+                final String errorMessage = "ClassCastException: attempting to cast"
+                        + delegate.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(classnameAsResource)
+                        + " to " + targetTypeURL;
+                    throw new LinkageError(errorMessage);
             }
             return (ClientBuilder) delegate;
         } catch (Exception ex) {
@@ -271,26 +272,4 @@
      * @return a new client instance.
      */
     public abstract Client build();
-
-    private static final class CreateErrorMessageAction implements PrivilegedAction<String> {
-        private final Object delegate;
-
-        private CreateErrorMessageAction(final Object delegate) {
-            this.delegate = delegate;
-        }
-
-        @Override
-        public String run() {
-            Class<?> pClass = ClientBuilder.class;
-            String classnameAsResource = pClass.getName().replace('.', '/') + ".class";
-            ClassLoader loader = pClass.getClassLoader();
-            if (loader == null) {
-                loader = ClassLoader.getSystemClassLoader();
-            }
-            URL targetTypeURL = loader.getResource(classnameAsResource);
-            return "ClassCastException: attempting to cast"
-                    + delegate.getClass().getClassLoader().getResource(classnameAsResource)
-                    + " to " + targetTypeURL;
-        }
-    }
 }
diff --git a/jaxrs-api/src/main/java/jakarta/ws/rs/client/FactoryFinder.java b/jaxrs-api/src/main/java/jakarta/ws/rs/client/FactoryFinder.java
index d6545ff..fe9c1c0 100644
--- a/jaxrs-api/src/main/java/jakarta/ws/rs/client/FactoryFinder.java
+++ b/jaxrs-api/src/main/java/jakarta/ws/rs/client/FactoryFinder.java
@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
-import java.security.AccessController;
-import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
 import java.util.Properties;
 import java.util.ServiceLoader;
 import java.util.logging.Level;
@@ -44,23 +42,7 @@
     }
 
     static ClassLoader getContextClassLoader() {
-        // For performance reasons, check if a security manager is installed. If not there is no need to use a
-        // privileged action.
-        if (System.getSecurityManager() == null) {
-            return Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
-        }
-        return AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction<ClassLoader>) () -> {
-            ClassLoader cl = null;
-            try {
-                cl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
-            } catch (SecurityException ex) {
-                LOGGER.log(
-                        Level.WARNING,
-                        "Unable to get context classloader instance.",
-                        ex);
-            }
-            return cl;
-        });
+        return Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -165,24 +147,18 @@
     }
 
     private static ClassLoader getClassLoader() {
-        if (System.getSecurityManager() == null) {
-            return FactoryFinder.class.getClassLoader();
-        }
-        return AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction<ClassLoader>) FactoryFinder.class::getClassLoader);
+        return FactoryFinder.class.getClassLoader();
     }
 
     private static <T> T findFirstService(final String factoryId, final ClassLoader cl, final Class<T> service) {
-        final PrivilegedAction<T> action = () -> {
-            try {
-                return ServiceLoader.load(service, cl).findFirst().orElse(null);
-            } catch (Exception e) {
-                LOGGER.log(Level.FINER, "Failed to load service " + factoryId + ".", e);
+        try {
+            final ServiceLoader<T> loader = ServiceLoader.load(service, cl);
+            if (loader.iterator().hasNext()) {
+                return loader.iterator().next();
             }
-            return null;
-        };
-        if (System.getSecurityManager() == null) {
-            return action.run();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOGGER.log(Level.FINER, "Failed to load service " + factoryId + ".", e);
         }
-        return AccessController.doPrivileged(action);
+        return null;
     }
 }
diff --git a/jaxrs-api/src/main/java/jakarta/ws/rs/ext/FactoryFinder.java b/jaxrs-api/src/main/java/jakarta/ws/rs/ext/FactoryFinder.java
index b3081bd..6884229 100644
--- a/jaxrs-api/src/main/java/jakarta/ws/rs/ext/FactoryFinder.java
+++ b/jaxrs-api/src/main/java/jakarta/ws/rs/ext/FactoryFinder.java
@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
-import java.security.AccessController;
-import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
 import java.util.Properties;
 import java.util.ServiceLoader;
 import java.util.logging.Level;
@@ -44,23 +42,7 @@
     }
 
     private static ClassLoader getContextClassLoader() {
-        // For performance reasons, check if a security manager is installed. If not there is no need to use a
-        // privileged action.
-        if (System.getSecurityManager() == null) {
-            return Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
-        }
-        return AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction<ClassLoader>) () -> {
-            ClassLoader cl = null;
-            try {
-                cl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
-            } catch (SecurityException ex) {
-                LOGGER.log(
-                        Level.WARNING,
-                        "Unable to get context classloader instance.",
-                        ex);
-            }
-            return cl;
-        });
+        return Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -165,24 +147,18 @@
     }
 
     private static ClassLoader getClassLoader() {
-        if (System.getSecurityManager() == null) {
-            return FactoryFinder.class.getClassLoader();
-        }
-        return AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction<ClassLoader>) FactoryFinder.class::getClassLoader);
+        return FactoryFinder.class.getClassLoader();
     }
 
     private static <T> T findFirstService(final String factoryId, final ClassLoader cl, final Class<T> service) {
-        final PrivilegedAction<T> action = () -> {
-            try {
-                return ServiceLoader.load(service, cl).findFirst().orElse(null);
-            } catch (Exception e) {
-                LOGGER.log(Level.FINER, "Failed to load service " + factoryId + ".", e);
+        try {
+            final ServiceLoader<T> loader = ServiceLoader.load(service, cl);
+            if (loader.iterator().hasNext()) {
+                return loader.iterator().next();
             }
-            return null;
-        };
-        if (System.getSecurityManager() == null) {
-            return action.run();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOGGER.log(Level.FINER, "Failed to load service " + factoryId + ".", e);
         }
-        return AccessController.doPrivileged(action);
+        return null;
     }
 }
diff --git a/jaxrs-api/src/main/java/jakarta/ws/rs/ext/RuntimeDelegate.java b/jaxrs-api/src/main/java/jakarta/ws/rs/ext/RuntimeDelegate.java
index 3dc71b8..5444851 100644
--- a/jaxrs-api/src/main/java/jakarta/ws/rs/ext/RuntimeDelegate.java
+++ b/jaxrs-api/src/main/java/jakarta/ws/rs/ext/RuntimeDelegate.java
@@ -16,7 +16,6 @@
 
 package jakarta.ws.rs.ext;
 
-import java.lang.reflect.ReflectPermission;
 import java.net.URL;
 import java.util.concurrent.CompletionStage;
 import java.util.concurrent.locks.Lock;
@@ -48,7 +47,6 @@
      */
     public static final String JAXRS_RUNTIME_DELEGATE_PROPERTY = "jakarta.ws.rs.ext.RuntimeDelegate";
     private static final Lock RD_LOCK = new ReentrantLock();
-    private static ReflectPermission suppressAccessChecksPermission = new ReflectPermission("suppressAccessChecks");
     private static volatile RuntimeDelegate cachedDelegate;
 
     /**
@@ -129,14 +127,8 @@
      * {@link #getInstance} then an implementation will be sought as described in {@link #getInstance}.
      *
      * @param rd the runtime delegate instance
-     * @throws SecurityException if there is a security manager and the permission ReflectPermission("suppressAccessChecks")
-     * has not been granted.
      */
     public static void setInstance(final RuntimeDelegate rd) {
-        SecurityManager security = System.getSecurityManager();
-        if (security != null) {
-            security.checkPermission(suppressAccessChecksPermission);
-        }
         RD_LOCK.lock();
         try {
             RuntimeDelegate.cachedDelegate = rd;
diff --git a/jaxrs-api/src/main/java/jakarta/ws/rs/sse/FactoryFinder.java b/jaxrs-api/src/main/java/jakarta/ws/rs/sse/FactoryFinder.java
index 8622d63..e8b2075 100644
--- a/jaxrs-api/src/main/java/jakarta/ws/rs/sse/FactoryFinder.java
+++ b/jaxrs-api/src/main/java/jakarta/ws/rs/sse/FactoryFinder.java
@@ -20,8 +20,6 @@
 import java.io.InputStream;
 import java.nio.file.Files;
 import java.nio.file.Path;
-import java.security.AccessController;
-import java.security.PrivilegedAction;
 import java.util.Properties;
 import java.util.ServiceLoader;
 import java.util.logging.Level;
@@ -44,23 +42,7 @@
     }
 
     private static ClassLoader getContextClassLoader() {
-        // For performance reasons, check if a security manager is installed. If not there is no need to use a
-        // privileged action.
-        if (System.getSecurityManager() == null) {
-            return Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
-        }
-        return AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction<ClassLoader>) () -> {
-            ClassLoader cl = null;
-            try {
-                cl = Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
-            } catch (SecurityException ex) {
-                LOGGER.log(
-                        Level.WARNING,
-                        "Unable to get context classloader instance.",
-                        ex);
-            }
-            return cl;
-        });
+        return Thread.currentThread().getContextClassLoader();
     }
 
     /**
@@ -165,24 +147,18 @@
     }
 
     private static ClassLoader getClassLoader() {
-        if (System.getSecurityManager() == null) {
-            return FactoryFinder.class.getClassLoader();
-        }
-        return AccessController.doPrivileged((PrivilegedAction<ClassLoader>) FactoryFinder.class::getClassLoader);
+        return FactoryFinder.class.getClassLoader();
     }
 
     private static <T> T findFirstService(final String factoryId, final ClassLoader cl, final Class<T> service) {
-        final PrivilegedAction<T> action = () -> {
-            try {
-                return ServiceLoader.load(service, cl).findFirst().orElse(null);
-            } catch (Exception e) {
-                LOGGER.log(Level.FINER, "Failed to load service " + factoryId + ".", e);
+        try {
+            final ServiceLoader<T> loader = ServiceLoader.load(service, cl);
+            if (loader.iterator().hasNext()) {
+                return loader.iterator().next();
             }
-            return null;
-        };
-        if (System.getSecurityManager() == null) {
-            return action.run();
+        } catch (Exception e) {
+            LOGGER.log(Level.FINER, "Failed to load service " + factoryId + ".", e);
         }
-        return AccessController.doPrivileged(action);
+        return null;
     }
 }